4.6 Article

Evidence of energy-, recombination-, and photon-limited escape regimes in giant planet H/He atmospheres

期刊

ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS
卷 648, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

EDP SCIENCES S A
DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/202140423

关键词

planets and satellites; atmospheres; planets and satellites; gaseous planets; planets and satellites; individual; GJ 3470 b; planets and satellites; individual; HD 209458 b; planets and satellites; individual; HD 189733 b

资金

  1. Max-Planck-Gesellschaft (MPG)
  2. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas (CSIC)
  3. Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO)
  4. European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [FICTS-2011-02, ICTS-2017-07-CAHA-4, CAHA16-CE-3978]
  5. Max-Planck-Institut fur Astronomie
  6. Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia
  7. Landessternwarte Konigstuhl
  8. Institut de Ciencies de l'Espai
  9. Institut fur Astrophysik Gottingen
  10. Universidad Complutense de Madrid
  11. Thuringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg
  12. Instituto de Astrofisica de Canarias
  13. Hamburger Sternwarte
  14. Centro de Astrobiologia
  15. Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman
  16. MINECO
  17. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through the Major Research Instrumentation Programme
  18. Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft through Research Unit FOR2544 Blue Planets around Red Stars
  19. Klaus Tschira Stiftung
  20. state of Baden-Wurttemberg
  21. Junta de Andalucia
  22. Agencia Estatal de Investigacion of the Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades
  23. ERDF [ESP2016-76076-R, ESP2017-87143-R, BES-2015-074542, PID2019-110689RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033, PGC2018-099425-B-I00, PID2019-109522GB-C51/2/3/4, PGC2018-098153-B-C33, AYA2016-79425-C3-1/2/3-P, ESP2016-80435-C2-1-R]
  24. Centre of Excellence Severo Ochoa award [SEV-2015-0548]
  25. Instituto de Astrofisica de Andalucia [SEV-2017-0709]
  26. Centro de Astrobiologia [MDM-2017-0737]
  27. Generalitat de Catalunya/CERCA programme
  28. European Research Council [832428]
  29. European Research Council under the European Union [694513]
  30. state of Niedersachsen
  31. Centre of Excellence Maria de Maeztu award [SEV-2015-0548]
  32. European Research Council (ERC) [832428] Funding Source: European Research Council (ERC)

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Hydrodynamic escape is the most efficient atmospheric mechanism of planetary mass loss, with three regimes identified: energy-limited, recombination-limited, and photon-limited. This study provides evidence of these regimes in exoplanets HD 209458 b, HD 189733 b, and GJ 3470 b.
Hydrodynamic escape is the most efficient atmospheric mechanism of planetary mass loss and has a large impact on planetary evolution. Three hydrodynamic escape regimes have been identified theoretically: energy-limited, recombination-limited, and photon-limited. However, no evidence of these regimes had been reported until now. Here, we report evidence of these three regimes via an analysis of a helium I triplet at 10 830 angstrom and Ly alpha absorption involving a 1D hydrodynamic model that allows us to estimate hydrogen recombination and advection rates. In particular, we show that HD 209458 b is in the energy-limited regime, HD 189733 b is in the recombination-limited regime, and GJ 3470 b is in the photon-limited regime. These exoplanets can be considered as benchmark cases for their respective regimes.

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