Star-disk interaction in the T Tauri star V2129 Ophiuchi: An evolving accretion-ejection structure

Context. Classical T Tauri stars are young low-mass systems still accreting material from their disks. These systems are dynamic on timescales of hours to years. The observed variability can help us infer the physical processes that occur in the circumstellar environment.Aims. In this work, we aim at understanding the dynamics of the magnetic interaction between the star and the inner accretion disk in young stellar objects. We present the case of the young stellar system V2129 Oph, which is a well-known T Tauri star with a K5 spectral type that is located in the rho Oph star formation region at a distance of 1301 pc.Methods. We performed a time series analysis of this star using high-resolution spectroscopic data at optical wavelengths from CFHT/ESPaDOnS and ESO/HARPS and at infrared wavelengths from CFHT/SPIRou. We also obtained simultaneous photometry from REM and ASAS-SN. The new data sets allowed us to characterize the accretion-ejection structure in this system and to investigate its evolution over a timescale of a decade via comparisons to previous observational campaigns.Results. We measure radial velocity variations and recover a stellar rotation period of 6.53 days. However, we do not recover the stellar rotation period in the variability of various circumstellar lines, such as H alpha and H beta in the optical or HeI 10830 angstrom and Pa beta in the infrared. Instead, we show that the optical and infrared line profile variations are consistent with a magnetospheric accretion scenario that shows variability with a period of about 6.0 days, shorter than the stellar rotation period. Additionally, we find a period of 8.5 days in H alpha and H beta lines, probably due to a structure located beyond the corotation radius, at a distance of similar to 0.09 au. We investigate whether this could be accounted for by a wind component, twisted or multiple accretion funnel flows, or an external disturbance in the inner disk.Conclusions. We conclude that the dynamics of the accretion-ejection process can vary significantly on a timescale of just a few years in this source, presumably reflecting the evolving magnetic field topology at the stellar surface.

Automated summary

The study focused on the dynamics of the young stellar system V2129 Oph, and found that the variations in optical and infrared line profiles are consistent with a magnetospheric accretion scenario.