Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) in brown trout: Interference of estrogenic and androgenic inputs in primary hepatocytes

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR gamma) is a pivotal regulator of lipid and glucose metabolism in vertebrates. Here, we isolated and characterized for the first time the PPAR gamma gene from brown trout (Salmo trutta f. fario). Hormones have been reported to interfere with the regulatory function of PPAR gamma in various organisms, albeit with little focus on fish. Thus, primary hepatocytes isolated from juveniles of brown trout were exposed to 1, 10 and 50 mu M of ethinylestradiol (EE2) or testosterone (T). A significant (3 fold) decrease was obtained in response to 50 mu M of EE2 and to 10 and 50 mu M of T (13 and 14 folds), while a 3 fold increase was observed at 1 mu M of EE2. Therefore, trout PPAR gamma seems a target for natural/synthetic compounds with estrogenic or androgenic properties and so, we advocate considering PPAR gamma as another alert sensor gene when assessing the effects of sex-steroid endocrine disruptors. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.