All-normal dispersion ytterbium-doped fiber laser mode locked by nonlinear multimode interference

We report a mode-locking operation using a nonlinear multimode interference (MMI)-based saturable absorber in an ytterbium-doped fiber laser under an all-normal dispersion configuration. The MMI is observed in a step-index single mode-multimode-single mode (SMS) fiber structure. The intensity and wavelength-dependent transmission of the SMS structure has been studied numerically to understand the Kerr-induced saturable absorber properties of MMI in a step-index fiber. Numerical investigations show that presence of a narrow-band wavelength-tunable spectral filter is necessary for a nonlinear MMI-based saturable absorber to be effective for mode locking. A single-pulse mode-locking operation in the laser is realized at a very low pump power of similar to 56.3 mW at which the laser generates 180 ps duration pulses at similar to 9 MHz repetition rate with measured signal-to-noise ratio of similar to 50 dB. This all-fiber integrated laser operates in multi-pulse and noise-like rectangular pulse regimes at increased pump power. (C) 2021 Optical Society of America

Automated summary

A mode-locking operation was achieved in a fiber laser using a nonlinear MMI-based saturable absorber under an all-normal dispersion configuration. A narrow-band wavelength-tunable spectral filter was found to be necessary for an effective mode-locking operation with the MMI-based saturable absorber, resulting in single-pulse mode-locking.