期刊
ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY
卷 35, 期 9, 页码 2288-2296出版社
WILEY-BLACKWELL
DOI: 10.1002/etc.3395
关键词
Flame retardants; Organophosphates; Endocrine disruptors; Sex hormone; Thyroid hormone
资金
- National Research Foundation of Korea [NRF-2014R1A2A1A11052838]
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [2GZ14008]
- Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China [KZ1411G]
- National Research Foundation of Korea [22A20130012682] Funding Source: Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information (KISTI), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)
With the global decline in the use of polybrominated diphenyl ethers, the demand for alternative flame retardants, such as triphenylphosphate (TPP), has increased substantially. Triphenylphosphate is now detected in various environments including aquatic ecosystems worldwide. However, studies on the toxicological consequences of chronic TPP exposure on aquatic organisms are scarce. The zebrafish model was used to investigate the effects of long-term TPP exposure on the endocrine system. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 5 mu g/L, 50 mu g/L, or 500 mu g/L TPP for 120 d, and hormonal and transcriptional responses were measured along the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonad (HPG) axis, the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis, and the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. Exposure to TPP significantly increased plasma 17 beta-estradiol, but decreased 11-ketotestosterone in both sexes. Gene expression data support these changes. In the HPI axis, plasma cortisol and proopiomelanocortin (pomc) and mineralocorticoid receptor transcripts increased in females, but in males cortisol decreased whereas pomc increased (p<0.05). Thyroxine and triiodothyronine increased, and thyrotrophin-releasing hormone receptor 2 (trhr2) and trh expression were affected only in females (p<0.05). In summary, long-term exposure to TPP enhanced estrogenicity in both males and females, potentially through influencing the HPG axis, but modulated the HPI, and HPT axes differently by sex, suggesting that both genomic and nongenomic responses might be involved. (C) 2016 SETAC
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