Acute myeloid leukemia presenting as horizontal diplopia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) accounts for 16% of all leukemias in children. Prognosis in the pediatric population is better than that of older populations, with a younger age at diagnosis being a favorable prognostic factor [1]. Diplopia is a rare first presenting sign of AML. We present a 15 year old male complaining of diplopia and unilateral orbital swelling. Workup in the emergency department found normal neuroimaging but revealed a markedly elevated leukocytosis with anemia and thrombocytopenia. Peripheral smear showed increased blast cells >10%. This patient was ultimately diagnosed with AML. This case demonstrates an atypical presentation of AML and urges a thorough work up for patients presenting with unexplained diplopia. (C) 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a common type of leukemia in children, with a better prognosis compared to older populations. This case study highlights an atypical presentation of AML with diplopia as the initial symptom, emphasizing the importance of thorough evaluation for patients with unexplained diplopia.