Bismuth Nanoparticle-Embedded Porous Carbon Frameworks as a High-Rate Chloride Storage Electrode for Water Desalination

Capacitive deionization (CDI) is a promising cost-effective and low energy consumption technology for water desalination. However, most of the previous works focus on only one side of the CDI system, i.e., Na+ ion capture, while the other side that stores chloride ions, which is equally important, receives very little attention. This is attributed to the limited Cl- storage materials as well as their sluggish kinetics and poor stability. In this article, we demonstrate that a N-doped porous carbon framework is capable of suppressing the phase-transformation-induced performance decay of bismuth, affording an excellent Cl- storage and showing potential for water desalination. The obtained Bi-carbon composite (Bi/N-PC) shows a capacity of up to 410.4 mAh g(-1) at 250 mA g(-1) and a high rate performance. As a demonstration for water desalination, a superior desalination capacity of 113.4 mg g(-1) is achieved at 100 mA g(-1) with excellent durability. Impressively, the CDI system exhibits fast ion capturing with a desalination rate as high as 0.392 mg g(-1) s(-1), outperforming most of the recently reported Cl- capturing electrodes. This strategy is applicable to other Cl- storage materials for next-generation capacitive deionization.

Automated summary

By using a N-doped porous carbon framework, this study successfully suppressed the performance decay of bismuth and demonstrated the potential for chloride ion storage in capacitive deionization. The Bi/N-PC composite showed excellent chloride storage capacity and water desalination performance.