The Kainic Acid Models of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

Experimental models of epilepsy are useful to identify potential mechanisms of epileptogenesis, seizure genesis, comorbidities, and treatment efficacy. The kainic acid (KA) model is one of the most commonly used. Several modes of administration of KA exist, each producing different effects in a strain-, species-, gender-, and age-dependent manner. In this review, we discuss the advantages and limitations of the various forms of KA administration (systemic, intrahippocampal, and intranasal), as well as the histologic, electrophysiological, and behavioral outcomes in different strains and species. We attempt a personal perspective and discuss areas where work is needed. The diversity of KA models and their outcomes offers researchers a rich palette of phenotypes, which may be relevant to specific traits found in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy.

Automated summary

Experimental models of epilepsy, particularly the kainic acid model, offer researchers a rich variety of phenotypes that can help in understanding the mechanisms and potential treatments of temporal lobe epilepsy. The different modes of KA administration produce varied effects and outcomes, highlighting the importance of considering strain, species, gender, and age factors in research. Additional work is needed to fully explore the potential of KA models in epilepsy research.