4.7 Article

Maternal Psychological and Biological Factors Associated to Gestational Complications

期刊

JOURNAL OF PERSONALIZED MEDICINE
卷 11, 期 3, 页码 -

出版社

MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/jpm11030183

关键词

anxiety; life satisfaction; life-work concerns; melatonin; cortisol; biopsychosocial model; obstetric complications

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The study suggests that psychological factors influence pregnancy outcomes in association with changes in melatonin and cortisol levels. High maternal melatonin and life satisfaction levels may act as potential protective factors against maternal complications during pregnancy. Low anxiety and cortisol levels, as well as reduced work-life conflicts, could help prevent fetal complications.
Early detection of gestational complications is a priority in obstetrics. In our social context, this is linked to maternity age. Most studies are focused on biological factors. However, pregnancy is also influenced by social and psychological factors, which have not been deeply explored. We aimed to identify biopsychosocial risk and protective factors associated with the development of maternal and fetal complications. We enrolled 182 healthy pregnant women, and plasma melatonin and cortisol levels were measured in the first trimester by chemiluminescent immunoassays. At different time points along gestation, women answered several questionnaires (positive and negative affect schedule, hospital anxiety and depression scale, pregnancy concerns scale, life orientation test, resilience scale, life satisfaction scale and life-work conflicts scale). They were followed up until delivery and categorized as normal pregnancy, maternal or fetal complications. Maternal complications were associated with low melatonin (OR = 0.99 [0.98; 1.00]; p-value = 0.08) and life satisfaction (OR = 0.64 [0.41; 0.93]; p-value = 0.03) and fetal complications were associated with high cortisol (OR = 1.06 [1.02; 1.13]; p-value = 0.04), anxiety (OR = 2.21 [1.10; 4.55]; p-value = 0.03) and life-work conflicts (OR = 1.92 [1.04; 3.75]; p-value = 0.05). We conclude that psychological factors influence pregnancy outcomes in association with melatonin and cortisol alterations. High maternal melatonin and life satisfaction levels could be potential protective factors against the development of maternal complications during pregnancy. Low anxiety and cortisol levels and reduced work-life conflicts could prevent fetal complications.

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