Unsteady MHD Mixed Convection Flow in Hybrid Nanofluid at Three-Dimensional Stagnation Point

There has been significant interest in exploring a stagnation point flow due to its numerous potential uses in engineering applications such as cooling of nuclear reactors. Hence, this study proposed a numerical analysis on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) mixed convection at three-dimensional stagnation point flow in Al2O3-Cu/H2O hybrid nanofluid over a permeable sheet. The ordinary differential equations are accomplished by simplifying the governing partial differential equations through suitable similarity transformation. The numerical computation is established by the MATLAB system software using the bvp4c technique. The bvp4c procedure is excellent in providing more than one solution once sufficient predictions are visible. The influence of certain functioning parameters is inspected, and notable results exposed that the rate of heat transfer is exaggerated along with the skin friction coefficient while the suction/injection and magnetic parameters are intensified. The results also signified that the rise in the volume fraction of the nanoparticle and the decline of the unsteadiness parameter demonstrates a downward attribution towards the heat transfer performance and skin friction coefficient. Conclusively, the observations are confirmed to have multiple solutions, which eventually contribute to an investigation of the analysis of the solution stability, thereby justifying the viability of the first solution.

Automated summary

This study conducted a numerical analysis on the unsteady magnetohydrodynamic mixed convection at a three-dimensional stagnation point flow, revealing that the enhancement of suction/injection and magnetic parameters exaggerates heat transfer rate and skin friction coefficient, while the increase in volume fraction of nanoparticles and decrease in unsteadiness parameter lead to a decrease in performance.