4.7 Article

Effects of Symbiodiniaceae Phylotypes in Clades A-E on Progeny Performance of Two Giant Clams (Tridacna squamosa and T. crocea) During Early History Life Stages in the South China Sea

期刊

FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
卷 8, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.633761

关键词

giant clams; zooxanthellae; metamorphosis; symbiosis; mantle coloration

资金

  1. National Science Foundation of China [31872566, 31702340]
  2. Key Special Project for Introduced Talents Team of Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) [GML2019ZD0404]
  3. Network Service Local Plan STS of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [KFJ-STS-QYZD-158]
  4. Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology through the National Key Research and Development Program of China [2018YFC1406505, 2018YFD0901400, 2020YFD0901102]
  5. Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences [XDA13020202, XDA13020203, XDA13020403]
  6. Guangzhou City programs, Guangdong province, China [201803020047, 201804020073, ISEE2018PY01, ISEE2018ZD02, ISEE2018PY03]
  7. Open Foundation of the State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology [SKLLQG1813, SKLLQG1918]
  8. China Agricultural Shellfish Industry Technology System Project [CARS-49]
  9. Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China [2017B030314052]

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Different zooxanthella species have varying effects on larval metamorphosis in giant clams, but do not significantly affect post-metamorphosis growth. Zooxanthella species do not have a significant impact on mantle color in giant clams, but progeny with clade E1 zooxanthellae are smaller than those with other clades. Giant clam species is the main factor influencing progeny growth.
Unlike most bivalves, giant clams (tridacnids) harbor symbiotic microalgae (zooxanthellae) in their other fleshy bodies. The effects of mixed populations of zooxanthellae on larval metamorphosis has been reported in several papers, but there have been very few studies on the effects of single zooxanthella species on the establishment of symbiosis in giant clams. In this study, we obtained five pure zooxanthella species (clades A3, B1, C1, D1, E1) from antler coral by molecular identification, and analyzed their effects on the larval metamorphosis and progeny performance of two giant clams, Tridacna squamosa and T. crocea, in the South China Sea. Clam larvae with all five zooxanthella species underwent larval settlement and metamorphosis, and formed the zooxanthellal tubular system. There was some variation in metamorphic rate and time to metamorphosis between clams with different zooxanthella species, but no significant differences in size at metamorphosis. After metamorphosis, larvae with all zooxanthella types continued to develop normally. Mantle color was consistent within clam species and zooxanthella species had no effect on mantle color. However, clam progeny with clade E1 zooxanthellae were smaller than progeny with the other four zooxanthella clades (A3, B1, C1, and D1). Survival rate was over 90% for all progeny and there were no significant differences in survival between progeny with Symbiodinium clades A-E during the entire culture process. Two-way ANOVA analysis revealed that giant clam species was the main factor influencing progeny growth, with some variation in growth attributable to zooxanthella type. Our results provide new information on both the symbiotic relationship between giant clams and zooxanthellae and the mantle coloration of giant clams, and will be useful in giant clam seed production and aquaculture.

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