期刊
JOURNAL OF WATER PROCESS ENGINEERING
卷 39, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ELSEVIER
DOI: 10.1016/j.jwpe.2020.101749
关键词
Petroleum-produced water; Magnetite-modified vermiculite; Emerging pollutants; BTEX; Metals
资金
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2014/50945-4]
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Detection, Toxicological Evaluation and Removal of Micropollutants and Radioactive Substances (INCT-DATREN) [465571/2014-0]
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) [143222/2017-1]
This study introduces the use of vermiculite modified by magnetite nanoparticles as an adsorbent for the removal of organic carbon, BTEX compounds, and metals in petroleum-produced water, while reducing toxicity. The results demonstrate high efficiency of VMT-mag in removing pollutants and harmful metals, leading to significant reduction of environmental risks associated with petroleum-produced water.
Petroleum-produced water has raised considerable environmental concerns due to the large amount of contaminants-containing wastewater, generated during petrol and gas extraction. The present work proposes for the first time the use of vermiculite modified by magnetite (Fe3O4) nanoparticles (VMT-mag) as adsorbent for the extraction of metals and BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) pollutants and toxicity reduction. Thermally-treated vermiculite was modified by Fe(3)O(4 )nanoparticles of 20 nm, which were strongly adhered to the surface, contributing to the magnetization of the material and adsorption of the metals. A 5 min exposure of wastewater to VMT-mag at 15 mg mL(-1) led to the removal of 93 % of dissolved organic carbon, 85 % of BTEX compounds, and a reduction of 30-87% of metals (Ba, Al, Ag, Hg and Pb) at low concentration. An investigation was also conducted regarding the efficiency of VMT-mag in reducing toxicity via toxicity assays using the water flea Daphnia similis (ABTN NBR 12713 protocol); the results showed a reduction of Lethal Concentration at 50 % death (LC50) from 5.80 (v/v) to 13.3 % (v/v), respectively, for the samples before and after treatment. The findings show that the application of the proposed VMT-mag can lead to a significant reduction of toxicity and the removal of BTEX and metals in petroleum-produced water.
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