期刊
BIOMOLECULES
卷 11, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/biom11020256
关键词
natural secondary carotenoid; Haematococcus pluvialis; astaxanthin; microalgae; bioprocess optimization
资金
- Universiti Malaysia Kelantan under Faculty of Bioengineering
- Research Management Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia
The green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis utilizes a two-stage process to produce astaxanthin, with the first stage focused on biomass accumulation and the second stage on pigment production under stress conditions. Various strategies such as optimizing cell growth and applying stress conditions have been explored to improve astaxanthin production.
As the most recognizable natural secondary carotenoid astaxanthin producer, the green microalga Haematococcus pluvialis cultivation is performed via a two-stage process. The first is dedicated to biomass accumulation under growth-favoring conditions (green stage), and the second stage is for astaxanthin evolution under various stress conditions (red stage). This mini-review discusses the further improvement made on astaxanthin production by providing an overview of recent works on H. pluvialis, including the valuable ideas for bioprocess optimization on cell growth, and the current stress-exerting strategies for astaxanthin pigment production. The effects of nutrient constituents, especially nitrogen and carbon sources, and illumination intensity are emphasized during the green stage. On the other hand, the significance of the nitrogen depletion strategy and other exogenous factors comprising salinity, illumination, and temperature are considered for the astaxanthin inducement during the red stage. In short, any factor that interferes with the cellular processes that limit the growth or photosynthesis in the green stage could trigger the encystment process and astaxanthin formation during the red stage. This review provides an insight regarding the parameters involved in bioprocess optimization for high-value astaxanthin biosynthesis from H. pluvialis.
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