Biomaterial-based osteoimmunomodulatory strategies via the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway: A review

Osteoimmunomodulation (OIM) has revealed an important role for immune cells in regulating osseointegration. Biomaterials for OIM have contributed to the evaluation of orthopedic biomaterials and have been used to demonstrate a strong correlation between OIM and bone healing. Evaluation of OIM biomaterials is based on the behavior of immune cells, and has evolved from classic macrophage phenotype identification to evaluation of key immune-related signaling pathways, improving understanding of the mechanism of action of OIM biomaterials. TLR4-NF-kappa B, a classic implant-related innate immune recognition and immunomodulation signaling pathway, has attracted widespread attention. Biomaterials have increasingly been designed and evaluated in the context of this pathway and a strong correlation with bone healing suggests it contributes to the mechanism of action of OIM biomaterials. This review summarizes empirical and precise strategies for designing OIM biomaterials that act via the TLR4-NF-kappa B pathway, and attempts to stimulate new ideas for the design of OIM biomaterials based on the interaction of materials with signaling mechanisms. (C) 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Automated summary

Through the study of Osteoimmunomodulation (OIM) and the TLR4-NF-kappa B pathway, it has been found that immune cells play a crucial role in bone integration and healing, leading to a better understanding of the mechanism behind bone regeneration.