Kinetic and Thermodynamic Characterization of Enhanced Carbon Dioxide Absorption Process with Lithium Oxide-Containing Ternary Molten Carbonate

Efficient and high-flux capture of CO2 is the prerequisite of its utilization. Static absorption of CO2 with solid Li2O and molten salts (Li2O-free and Li2O-containing Li-Na-K carbonates) was investigated using a reactor with in situ pressure monitoring. The absorption capacity of dissolved Li2O was 0.835 mol(CO2)/mol(Li2O) at 723 K, larger than that of solid Li2O. For the solid Li2O absorbents, formation of solid Li2CO3 on the surface can retard the further reactions between Li2O and CO2, whereas the dissociation/dissolution effect of molten carbonate on Li2O improved the mass-specific absorption capacity of liquid Li2O. In Li2O-containing Li-Na-K molten carbonate, CO, was mostly absorbed by alkaline oxide ions (O2-). The chemical interactions between CO, and CO32- contributed to CO2 uptake via formation of multiple carbonate ions. The mass transfer of these absorbing ions was found as the dominating factor governing the rate of static absorption. Higher temperatures reduced the thermodynamic tendency of CO2 absorption, but a lower viscosity at elevated temperature was conducive to absorption kinetics. Compared with the commonly used CaO absorbent, Li2O was much more dissolvable in molten carbonate. The Li2O-containing molten carbonate is potentially a promising medium for industrial carbon capture and electrochemical transformation process.