期刊
FRONTIERS IN ONCOLOGY
卷 10, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.629422
关键词
breast cancer; radiation therapy; hypoxia; free radicals; superoxide ions; radiation resistance
类别
资金
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences, (NIGMS) from the National Institutes of Health [P20 GM103429]
Breast cancer is a significant health issue in the U.S., with a high incidence and mortality rate. Radiation therapy is commonly used in treatment, but tumor resistance to radiation poses a major challenge. Tumor cells residing in a hypoxic microenvironment promote resistance to radiation therapy, as well as cancer proliferation and metastasis.
The American Cancer Society has estimated an expected 279,100 new breast cancer cases, and an expected 42,690 breast cancer deaths in the U.S. for the year 2020. This includes an estimated 276,480 women who are expected to be diagnosed. Radiation therapy, also called ionizing radiation therapy, is one of the most frequently used methods in the treatment of breast cancer. While radiation therapy is used in the treatment of more than 50% of all cancer cases, tumor resistance to ionizing radiation presents a major challenge for effective cancer treatment. Most tumor cells are in a hypoxic microenvironment that promotes resistance to radiation therapy. In addition to radiation resistance, the hypoxic microenvironment also promotes cancer proliferation and metastasis. In this review, we will discuss the hypoxic microenvironment of breast cancer tumors, related signaling pathways, breast cancer stem-like cells, and the resistance to radiation therapy. Recent developments in our understanding of tumor hypoxia and hypoxic pathways may assist us in developing new strategies to increase cancer control in radiation therapy.
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