期刊
CELLS
卷 10, 期 3, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/cells10030510
关键词
cell wall; polysaccharide; (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucan; mixed-linkage glucan
类别
资金
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology
- Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan [MOST109-2636-M-07-001]
(1,3;1,4)-beta-D-Glucans, a type of polysaccharides with unique linkages, are found in various taxonomic groups. Their synthesis, evolutionary patterns, and functions remain to be fully understood and require further investigation.
(1,3;1,4)-beta-D-Glucans, also named as mixed-linkage glucans, are unbranched non-cellulosic polysaccharides containing both (1,3)- and (1,4)-beta-linkages. The linkage ratio varies depending upon species origin and has a significant impact on the physicochemical properties of the (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucans. (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-Glucans were thought to be unique in the grasses family (Poaceae); however, evidence has shown that (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucans are also synthesized in other taxa, including horsetail fern Equisetum, algae, lichens, and fungi, and more recently, bacteria. The enzyme involved in (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucan biosynthesis has been well studied in grasses and cereal. However, how this enzyme is able to assemble the two different linkages remains a matter of debate. Additionally, the presence of (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucan across the species evolutionarily distant from Poaceae but absence in some evolutionarily closely related species suggest that the synthesis is either highly conserved or has arisen twice as a result of convergent evolution. Here, we compare the structure of (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucans present across various taxonomic groups and provide up-to-date information on how (1,3;1,4)-beta-D-glucans are synthesized and their functions.
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