期刊
NATURE REVIEWS MATERIALS
卷 6, 期 5, 页码 437-453出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41578-020-00272-x
关键词
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资金
- US Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Division of Materials Science and Engineering
- DOE, BES, Division of Materials Science and Engineering [DE-SC0019762]
- US Army Research Office (MURI) [W911NF-15-1-0568]
- National Science Foundation (NSF) [DMR-1710318]
- University of Chicago's Materials Research Science and Engineering Center for development of activity patterning in active liquid crystals (NSF) [DMR-1420709]
- Hong Kong RGC [26302320]
- U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) [DE-SC0019762] Funding Source: U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)
Active liquid crystals, with their inherent structural anisotropy, exhibit long-range order and topological defects. This Review discusses both natural and synthetic active liquid crystals, exploring their autonomous behavior as well as potential applications.
Liquid crystals (LCs) are ubiquitous in display technologies. The orientational ordering in the nematic phase of LCs gives rise to structural anisotropy, the ability to form topological defects and extraordinary sensitivity to interfacial events - three features that are not found in traditional, isotropic liquids. Active LC systems represent a particular class of active materials, in which some form of energy is transformed and used to generate motion, providing opportunities for new technologies and offering a platform to investigate matter far from equilibrium. In this Review, we discuss recent advances in the field of active LC systems, including natural systems, such as cell colonies, biopolymers and bacteria, and synthetic systems, which mimic the adaptive and autonomous behaviours found in nature. We investigate the properties of defects and flows, examine LC interfaces and emulsions, and discuss active LC colloids and composites. Finally, we highlight future possibilities and applications of active LC systems. Active liquid crystals are a particular type of active materials in which an inherent structural anisotropy leads to long-range order and topological defects. This Review discusses natural and synthetic active liquid crystals, and explores their autonomous behaviour as well as potential applications.
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