期刊
NATURE ENERGY
卷 6, 期 4, 页码 378-387出版社
NATURE RESEARCH
DOI: 10.1038/s41560-021-00789-7
关键词
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资金
- National Natural Science Foundation of China [51722210, 51972285, U1802254, 21902144, 52071295]
- Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province [LY17E020010, LD18E020003]
- Foundation of Zhejiang Institute of Advanced Materials for Science and Innovation [KYY-HX-20190265]
- US Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, Vehicle Technologies Office under the US-China Clean Energy Research Centre (CERC-CVC2) programme
- US Department of Energy, Office of Science [DE-AC02-06CH11357]
The researchers use an iodic species to react with inactive lithium, bringing it back to life and thus making batteries last longer.
Inactive lithium (more frequently called dead lithium) in the forms of solid-electrolyte interphase and electrically isolated metallic lithium is principally responsible for the performance decay commonly observed in lithium metal batteries. A fundamental solution of recovering dead lithium is urgently needed to stabilize lithium metal batteries. Here we quantify the solid-electrolyte interphase components, and determine their relation with the formation of electrically isolated dead lithium metal. We present a lithium restoration method based on a series of iodine redox reactions mainly involving I-3(-)/I-. Using a biochar capsule host for iodine, we show that the I-3(-)/I- redox takes place spontaneously, effectively rejuvenating dead lithium to compensate the lithium loss. Through this design, a full-cell using a very limited lithium metal anode exhibits an excellent lifespan of 1,000 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. We also demonstrate the design with a commercial cathode in pouch cells. Cycling lithium batteries often results in inactive lithium that no longer participates in redox reactions, leading to performance deterioration. Here the authors use an iodic species to react with inactive lithium, bringing it back to life and thus making batteries last longer.
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