Responses of inflammation signaling pathway by saucerneol D from elicitor-treated Saururus chinensis on pro-inflammatory responses in LPS-stimulated Raw 264.7 cell

This study confirmed the association with inflammation-related proteins, mediators, and cytokines using saucerneol D from Saururus chinensis leaf, a useful ingredient increased through elicitor treatment. To confirm the anti-inflammatory effect, saucerneol D were treated with lipopolysaccharide, which induces pro-inflammatory factors in Raw 264.7 cell. The pro-inflammatory influences were measured by dint of chemical assay and western blotting as well as ELISA. As a result, the content of saucerneol D was changed when eicitor was treated by various concentration (1.5, and 3 mg/mL) in S. chinensis leaves. In addition, the expression levels of hyaluronidase and pro-inflammatory-related factors [nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)] were regulated according to the saucerneol D content in the elicitor-treated and non-treated groups. Therefore, after confirming that saucerneol D has an inhibitory effect on pro-inflammatory-related factors, saucerneol D was adjusted by concentration and compared with the control substance to verify the efficacy. Saucerneol D was adjusted to a concentration that did not toxic to macrophages through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Saucerneol D controlled at various concentrations inhibited iNOS and COX-2 proteins. NO produced by iNOS activity, prostaglandin E-2 (PGE(2)), an inflammatory mediator produced by COX-2 activity, and pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta), IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)] were significantly suppressed. Therefore, it was confirmed that saucerneol D, an active ingredient increased by the elicitor treatment, could be used as a functional material that controls inflammatory factors.

Automated summary

This study demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of saucerneol D, an ingredient from Saururus chinensis leaf, which was increased through elicitor treatment. By adjusting the concentration of saucerneol D, the study found significant inhibition on iNOS and COX-2 proteins, as well as suppression of NO, PGE(2), and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Saucerneol D was confirmed to be a functional material that can effectively control inflammatory factors.