Numerical and experimental investigation of utilizing the porous media model for windbreaks CFD simulation

Windbreaks such as vegetation barriers, fences, and buildings' perforated facades are used in various environmental and wind mitigation applications. Numerical simulation of the airflow through windbreaks is challenging as modeling of the exact geometry needs large computational power. The computational cost can be reduced by modeling the windbreaks using the porous media model. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model uses empirical coefficients that need to be determined experimentally. This research develops empirical formulae to determine the needed viscous and inertial loss coefficients as a function of porosity for perforated windbreaks. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) experiments and pressure measurements were performed in a wind tunnel for scaled windbreaks models of porosity ratios ranging from 0.25 to 0.6. CFD simulations were carried out for the exact geometry and for the approximated numerical model. The CFD results of both models were compared against the experimental results. Hence, a correlation between the windbreaks porosity and the needed coefficients to utilize the CFD porous media model was obtained. Compared to exact geometry CFD results, the average velocity and pressure drop values obtained from the porous media model yielded an average error of 10.5% and 12%, respectively.

Automated summary

This research examines the use of CFD porous media model to study perforated windbreaks through experiments and numerical simulation. By conducting experiments and analyzing simulations on windbreaks of different porosity ratios, a correlation between windbreak porosity and the coefficients needed for the CFD model was determined. A comparison between experimental and simulated results revealed an average error of approximately 10.5% for velocity and 12% for pressure drop values obtained from the porous media model, as compared to the exact geometry CFD results.