Prolactin Is Associated With Insulin Resistance and Beta-Cell Dysfunction in Infertile Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Background Our study aimed to investigate if serum prolactin (PRL) levels associated with insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods This was a retrospective cross-sectional study performed in the reproductive medicine center of the first affiliated hospital of Wenzhou Medical University. From January 2007 to August 2018, a total of 792 PCOS and 700 non-PCOS infertile women were included. All patients' prolactin levels were in the normal range. PCOS was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam Criteria. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure, serum prolactin levels, sex hormones, fasting lipids, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting insulin (FINS) and hepatic biological parameters were measured in all subjects. Results Serum prolactin levels in PCOS women were significantly decreased compared with levels in non-PCOS women after adjusting for age and BMI (P < 0.05). Moreover, we found that prolactin levels were positively associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and negatively associated with age, BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), luteinizing hormone/follicle stimulating hormone (LH/FSH), estradiol (E-2), FINS, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis model assessment of beta (HOMA-beta), triglyceride (TG) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (P < 0.05). After adjusting for age and BMI, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that LH, LH/FSH, E-2, FINS, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-beta were negatively associated with serum PRL (P < 0.05). Conclusions Low serum PRL levels within the normal range associates with a higher incidence of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in infertile women with PCOS.

Automated summary

The study revealed that infertile women with PCOS have lower serum PRL levels within the normal range, which are associated with a higher incidence of insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction. Additionally, serum PRL levels were positively correlated with HDL-C and negatively correlated with various anthropometric parameters, sex hormones, fasting lipids, and hepatic biological parameters. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that LH, LH/FSH, E-2, FINS, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-beta were negatively associated with serum PRL after adjusting for age and BMI.