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Cross Kingdom Immunity: The Role of Immune Receptors and Downstream Signaling in Animal and Plant Cell Death

期刊

FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
卷 11, 期 -, 页码 -

出版社

FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.612452

关键词

pattern recognition receptors; Toll-like receptors; NOD-like receptors; pathogen-associated molecular patterns; damage-associated molecular patterns; hypersensitive response; regulated cell death

资金

  1. Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)
  2. Agence Francaise pour la Biodiversite (AFB) (ChitoProtect project) [ANR-19-ECOM-0008]
  3. Institut Carnot Plant2Pro (VitiLYKs project) [C4520]
  4. Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur, de la Recherche et de l'Innovation (MESRI)
  5. MESRI, Investissements d'Avenir program, project Initiatives Science Innovation Territoire Economie en Bourgogne-Franche-Comte (Structure, Function and Roles of Nitric Oxide Synthases in Algal Responses to Environemental Stresses (NOISELESS) project [RA18041.AEC.IS]
  6. ANR (Algae-Nitric Oxide Synthases project) [ANR-18-CE20-0022-02]
  7. La Ligue contre le cancer Comite de la Cote d'Or
  8. Conseil Regional de Bourgogne-Franche-Comte
  9. ANR, (Investissements d'Avenir program) [ANR-11-LABX-0021]
  10. European Union program FEDER
  11. Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-19-ECOM-0008, ANR-18-CE20-0022, ANR-11-LABX-0021] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR)

向作者/读者索取更多资源

Both plants and animals possess sophisticated innate immune systems equipped with receptors to detect danger signals and initiate antimicrobial defenses through regulated cell death signaling pathways.
Both plants and animals are endowed with sophisticated innate immune systems to combat microbial attack. In these multicellular eukaryotes, innate immunity implies the presence of cell surface receptors and intracellular receptors able to detect danger signal referred as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) and pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). Membrane-associated pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs), C-type lectin receptors (CLRs), receptor-like kinases (RLKs), and receptor-like proteins (RLPs) are employed by these organisms for sensing different invasion patterns before triggering antimicrobial defenses that can be associated with a form of regulated cell death. Intracellularly, animals nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors or plants nucleotide-binding domain (NBD)-containing leucine rich repeats (NLRs) immune receptors likely detect effectors injected into the host cell by the pathogen to hijack the immune signaling cascade. Interestingly, during the co-evolution between the hosts and their invaders, key cross-kingdom cell death-signaling macromolecular NLR-complexes have been selected, such as the inflammasome in mammals and the recently discovered resistosome in plants. In both cases, a regulated cell death located at the site of infection constitutes a very effective mean for blocking the pathogen spread and protecting the whole organism from invasion. This review aims to describe the immune mechanisms in animals and plants, mainly focusing on cell death signaling pathways, in order to highlight recent advances that could be used on one side or the other to identify the missing signaling elements between the perception of the invasion pattern by immune receptors, the induction of defenses or the transmission of danger signals to other cells. Although knowledge of plant immunity is less advanced, these organisms have certain advantages allowing easier identification of signaling events, regulators and executors of cell death, which could then be exploited directly for crop protection purposes or by analogy for medical research.

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