期刊
FRONTIERS IN IMMUNOLOGY
卷 12, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.633621
关键词
SALT; innate immunity; stress; aquaculture; Vibrio infection; teleost fish skin mucus; phytogenic additive; interactome
类别
资金
- project Nutritional strategies for the improvement of productive performance: the use of functional feeds and health diets in aquaculture (DIETAplus) - JACUMAR (Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Environment of Spain, MAPAMA)
- FEMP (EU)
- IberoAmerican Program of Science and Technology for Development (CYTED, Spain) [117RT0521]
- Fondecyt regular grant (Goverment of Chile) [Nb. 1211841]
- Industrial PhD program of Generalitat de Catalunya
- TECNOVIT-FARMFAES S.L. [2017 DI 017]
- government of Paraguay (BECAL)
- DICYT-USACH Postdoctoral fellowship [022043IB]
Dietary supplementation of garlic essential oil, carvacrol, and thymol in gilthead seabream juveniles modulated skin transcriptional immune response, bacterial growth capacity in skin mucus, and overall health condition. The supplementation promoted innate immunity and mucus protective capacity, reducing susceptibility to pathogenic bacteria colonization.
One of the main targets for the use of phytogenics in aquafeeds is the mucosal tissues as they constitute a physical and biochemical shield against environmental and pathogenic threats, comprising elements from both the innate and acquired immunity. In the present study, the modulation of the skin transcriptional immune response, the bacterial growth capacity in skin mucus, and the overall health condition of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) juveniles fed a dietary supplementation of garlic essential oil, carvacrol, and thymol were assessed. The enrichment analysis of the skin transcriptional profile of fish fed the phytogenic-supplemented diet revealed the regulation of genes associated to cellular components involved in the secretory pathway, suggesting the stimulation, and recruitment of phagocytic cells. Genes recognized by their involvement in non-specific immune response were also identified in the analysis. The promotion of the secretion of non-specific immune molecules into the skin mucus was proposed to be involved in the in vitro decreased growth capacity of pathogenic bacteria in the mucus of fish fed the phytogenic-supplemented diet. Although the mucus antioxidant capacity was not affected by the phytogenics supplementation, the regulation of genes coding for oxidative stress enzymes suggested the reduction of the skin oxidative stress. Additionally, the decreased levels of cortisol in mucus indicated a reduction in the fish allostatic load due to the properties of the tested additive. Altogether, the dietary garlic, carvacrol, and thymol appear to promote the gilthead seabream skin innate immunity and the mucus protective capacity, decreasing its susceptibility to be colonized by pathogenic bacteria.
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