The Archaeometallurgical Evaluation of Three Bronze Socketed Axes, Discovered in Eastern Romania

This paper presents the study of three bronze socketed axes discovered in Neamt County, Romania. The surface structures and those from the interface of the corrosion layer with the metal core of the basic alloy were analyzed, in order to elucidate the nature of the materials used and the manufacturing processes. The analyzes by optical microscopy (OM) and electron microscopy (SEM), coupled with X-ray spectrometry (EDX), revealed the type of their degradation during the depositional period, as a result of the processes of chemical alteration and physical damage. A series of metallurgical techniques used were also established, as well as the identification of some finishing and decoration processes that led to the establishment of the objects' functionality.

Automated summary

This paper presents a study of three bronze socketed axes discovered in Neamt County, Romania, analyzing the surface structures and corrosion interface with the metal core to elucidate the materials and manufacturing processes used. Optica microscopy, electron microscopy, and X-ray spectrometry revealed the degradation types during the depositional period, leading to an understanding of the metallurgical techniques, finishing, and decoration processes that established the functionality of these objects.