Evaluation of the composition and in vitro antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L. leaves) cultivated in Saudi Arabia (Al-Kharj)

Background: In the present study, we explored the composition of Cilantro (Coriandrum sativum L. leaves) essential oil (CEO) cultivated in Saudi Arabia (Al-Kharj) and explored its antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. Methods: Gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy was used to detect the CEO composition. The 2, 2diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-induced free radical and ferric chloride scavenging methods were used to determine the antioxidant activity. Antimicrobial activity was investigated using the well diffusion method. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated using egg albumin and trypsin-induced inflammation methods. Results: Forty-six compounds representing 90.17% of the total aroma were identified in the CEO; the major constituents were found to be 1-decanol (17.85%), decanal (11.04%), trans-2-dodecen-1-ol (7.87%), menthone (6.71%), 2-decen-1-ol, trans- (5.44%), dodecanal (4.76%), trans-tetradec-2-enal (3.14%), sedanolide (3.02), and thymol (3.01%). DPPH-induced free radical and ferric chloride scavenging assays demonstrated low antioxidant effects of CEO, and the antioxidant activity was observed at a high CEO concentration. The antimicrobial activity of CEO was assessed against 5 microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) by using well diffusion methods; CEO was found to possess excellent antimicrobial activity against all microorganisms, except Escherichia coli. Moreover, CEO demonstrated strong antiinflammatory activity against egg albumin-and trypsin-induced inflammation. Conclusion: The essential oil extracted from C. sativum chemotype grown in Al-Kharj region of Saudi Arabia possesses low antioxidant potential, superior antimicrobial activity, and outstanding antiinflammatory effects. (c) 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of King Saud University. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Automated summary

The essential oil extracted from C. sativum chemotype grown in Al-Kharj region of Saudi Arabia possesses low antioxidant potential, superior antimicrobial activity, and outstanding anti-inflammatory effects.