Identification of Potential Biomarkers Associated with Prognosis in Gastric Cancer via Bioinformatics Analysis

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related mortality worldwide. We aimed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and their potential mechanisms associated with the prognosis of GC patients. Material/Methods: This study was based on gene profiling information for 37 paired samples of GC and adjacent normal tissues from the GSE118916, GSE79973, and GSE19826 datasets in the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were used to investigate the bio-logical role of the DEGs. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed by Cytoscape, and the Kaplan-Meier plotter was used for prognostic analysis. Results: We identified 119 DEG5, including 21 upregulated and 98 downregulated genes, in GC The 21 upregulated genes were mainly enriched in extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, focal adhesion, and transforming growth factor-beta signaling, while the 98 downregulated genes were significantly associated with gastric acid secretion, retinol metabolism, and metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450. Thirty hub DEGs were obtained for further analysis. Twenty-five of the 30 hub DEG5 were significantly associated with the prognosis of GC, and 21 of the 25 hub DEG5 showed consistent expression trends within the 3 profile datasets. KEGG reanalysis of these 21 hub DEGs showed that COL1A1, COL1A2, COL2A1, COL11A1, THBS2, and SPP1 were mainly enriched in the extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathways. Conclusions: We identified 6 genes that were significantly related to the prognosis of GC patients. These genes and pathways could serve as potential prognostic markers and be used to develop treatments for GC patients.

Automated summary

The study identified 119 DEGs associated with the prognosis of GC patients, with 21 upregulated genes mainly enriched in extracellular matrix-receptor interaction pathways and 98 downregulated genes linked to processes like gastric acid secretion. Of the 30 hub DEGs, 25 were significantly associated with GC prognosis, with 21 showing consistent expression trends.