Bioconjugate synthesis, phytochemical analysis, and optical activity of NiFe2O4 nanoparticles for the removal of ciprofloxacin and Congo red from water

In this paper, Jr.NiFe2O4 nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized first time using the leaves extract of Juglans regia via a straightforward process. The physio and phytochemical analysis of plant confirm the presence of macromolecules which function as bio-reductant and stabilize the nanoparticles. The Jr.NiFe2O4 NPs were characterized by UV-visible, FTIR spectroscopy, PXRD pattern, SEM and TGA/DTA analysis. The nanoparticles proved to be optically active having a value of indirect bandgap of energy in the range of 1.53 eV. The Jr.NiFe2O4 NPs have the ability in scavenging 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl hydrate (DPPH) free radicals and showed 58.01%+/- 1.2% scavenging activity at 100 mu g/mL concentrations. The photocatalytic degradation study of ciprofloxacin (CIP) and Congo red (CR) reveals that the highest degradation rate was acquired for CIP using pH=3, at 254 nm, while 85% of removal rate was analysed for CR. The kinetic studies in case of CR removal followed pseudo-first-order model with thermodynamic parameters (G degrees=- 5.87 kJ mol(-1) K, Delta H degrees =1393.50 kJ mol(-1) and Delta S degrees =22.537 kJ mol(-1) K) with error analysis. Overall, these data recommend an innovative inspiring application of a plant-mediated synthesis of Jr.NiFe2O4 NPs.

Automated summary

In this study, Jr.NiFe2O4 nanoparticles were successfully synthesized using walnut leaf extract, with macromolecules from the plant acting as bio-reductants and stabilizers for the nanoparticles. The nanoparticles demonstrated optical activity and the ability to scavenge free radicals, showing potential for environmental remediation. Overall, the innovative plant-mediated synthesis of Jr.NiFe2O4 NPs shows promise for various applications in nanotechnology and environmental science.