期刊
NUTRIENTS
卷 13, 期 2, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/nu13020437
关键词
NAFLD; obesity; omega-3; krill oil; phospholipids; high-fat diet; C57BL/6N mice; thermoneutral temperature
资金
- Czech Science Foundation [17-11027S]
- project FOIE GRAS - European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation framework, under the Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant [722619]
The study demonstrated that supplementation of Omega-3 PLs can significantly reduce liver steatosis and improve liver function and insulin sensitivity. Other constituents of krill oil, such as alkaloids, may also contribute to its strong anti-steatotic effects in the liver.
Preclinical evidence suggests that n-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA (Omega-3) supplemented as phospholipids (PLs) may be more effective than triacylglycerols (TAGs) in reducing hepatic steatosis. To further test the ability of Omega-3 PLs to alleviate liver steatosis, we used a model of exacerbated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease based on high-fat feeding at thermoneutral temperature. Male C57BL/6N mice were fed for 24 weeks a lard-based diet given either alone (LHF) or supplemented with Omega-3 (30 mg/g diet) as PLs (krill oil; w3PL) or TAGs (Epax 3000TG concentrate; w3TG), which had a similar total content of EPA and DHA and their ratio. Substantial levels of TAG accumulation (similar to 250 mg/g) but relatively low inflammation/fibrosis levels were achieved in the livers of control LHF mice. Liver steatosis was reduced by >40% in the omega 3PL but not omega 3TG group, and plasma ALT levels were markedly reduced (by 68%) in omega 3PL mice as well. Krill oil administration also improved hepatic insulin sensitivity, and its effects were associated with high plasma adiponectin levels (150% of LHF mice) along with superior bioavailability of EPA, increased content of alkaloids stachydrine and trigonelline, suppression of lipogenic gene expression, and decreased diacylglycerol levels in the liver. This study reveals that in addition to Omega-3 PLs, other constituents of krill oil, such as alkaloids, may contribute to its strong antisteatotic effects in the liver.
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