期刊
ACS CATALYSIS
卷 11, 期 5, 页码 3115-3127出版社
AMER CHEMICAL SOC
DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c05081
关键词
C-H activation; cyclization; transient directing group; palladium; arylation; diastereoselective; indane
资金
- NSF under the CCI Center for Selective C-H Functionalization [CHE-1700982]
- Norman G. and Elizabeth Brink Graduate Fellowship in Chemistry
- Ted Taylor Fellowship (Princeton)
This study presents a Pd(II)-catalyzed method for cyclative C(sp(3))-H arylation of ketones, utilizing a transient directing group. By carefully selecting reaction conditions and the directing group, the researchers were able to enhance selectivity and yield, facilitating the arylation reaction to occur.
We report Pd(II)-catalyzed cyclative C(sp(3))-H arylation of ketones with a transient directing group (TDG). Based on calculations, the oxidative addition step implicates a highly strained trigonal bipyramidal geometry around a Pd(IV) intermediate afforded by the bidentate TDG and the intramolecular arylation process. As a consequence, unproductive protodeiodination outcompetes the cyclative arylation Pd(II/IV) pathway under standard conditions. The desired selectivity was achieved by prudent selection of the TDG and the Ag(I) source. The reaction is accelerated by the inclusion of stoichiometric quantities of trifluoroacetic acid, which benefits both the palladium catalysis and the attachment of the TDG for the pivotal C(sp(3))-H palladation. Critically, the use of the 2-pyridone ligand improves yields significantly and enables the cyclative arylation of both methyl and linear methylene C-H bonds. Mechanistically, the high energy barrier associated with the transition state of this cyclization type is sufficient to drive selective linear methylene C-H activation in the presence of a more reactive methyl C-H bond. The reaction is showcased in a two-step synthesis of a substituted indane using 3-iodoanisole as the linchpin in a formal [3 + 2] annulation concept featuring two C(sp(3))-H arylations.
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