Phosphine-Free Manganese Catalyst Enables Selective Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitriles to Primary and Secondary Amines Using Ammonia-Borane

Herein we report the synthesis of primary and secondary amines by nitrile hydrogenation, employing a borrowing hydrogenation strategy. A class of phosphine-free manganese(I) complexes bearing sulfur side arms catalyzed the reaction under mild reaction conditions, where ammonia-borane is used as the source of hydrogen. The synthetic protocol is chemodivergent, as the final product is either primary or secondary amine, which can be controlled by changing the catalyst structure and the polarity of the reaction medium. The significant advantage of this method is that the protocol operates without externally added base or other additives as well as obviates the use of high-pressure dihydrogen gas required for other nitrile hydrogenation reactions. Utilizing this method, a wide variety of primary and symmetric and asymmetric secondary amines were synthesized in high yields. A mechanistic study involving kinetic experiments and high-level DFT computations revealed that both outer-sphere dehydrogenation and inner-sphere hydrogenation were predominantly operative in the catalytic cycle.

Automated summary

Primary and secondary amines were synthesized via nitrile hydrogenation using a borrowing hydrogenation strategy catalyzed by phosphine-free manganese complexes. The method is chemodivergent, allowing control over the final product by adjusting catalyst structure and reaction polarity. The protocol operates without the need for externally added base or high-pressure dihydrogen gas, providing a practical and efficient route to a variety of amines.