期刊
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
卷 12, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21444-5
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资金
- Victorian Government
- Australian government Medical Research Future Fund [GNT2002073]
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology
- NHMRC [APP1149990, GNT1162760]
- NHMRC-EU [APP1115828]
- European Union [681137]
- Emergent Ventures Fast Grants
- Jack Ma Foundation
- NHMRC fellowships
- Flinders University DVCR Fellowship
- Flinders Health & Medical Research Institute COVID-19 Research Grant
- NHMRC Investigator grants
- Australian Government Department of Health
The durability of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 immunity has major implications for reinfection and vaccine development. Antibody, B cell, and T cell responses decline over the first 4 months post-infection, while S-specific IgG(+) memory B cells consistently accumulate. The study suggests that natural infection may only provide transient protection at a population level, highlighting the need for more immunogenic and durable vaccines.
The durability of infection-induced SARS-CoV-2 immunity has major implications for reinfection and vaccine development. Here, we show a comprehensive profile of antibody, B cell and T cell dynamics over time in a cohort of patients who have recovered from mild-moderate COVID-19. Binding and neutralising antibody responses, together with individual serum clonotypes, decay over the first 4 months post-infection. A similar decline in Spike-specific CD4(+) and circulating T follicular helper frequencies occurs. By contrast, S-specific IgG(+) memory B cells consistently accumulate over time, eventually comprising a substantial fraction of circulating the memory B cell pool. Modelling of the concomitant immune kinetics predicts maintenance of serological neutralising activity above a titre of 1:40 in 50% of convalescent participants to 74 days, although there is probably additive protection from B cell and T cell immunity. This study indicates that SARS-CoV-2 immunity after infection might be transiently protective at a population level. Therefore, SARS-CoV-2 vaccines might require greater immunogenicity and durability than natural infection to drive long-term protection.
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