期刊
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
卷 12, 期 1, 页码 -出版社
NATURE PORTFOLIO
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-20897-y
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资金
- Intramural Research Program of the NIH, The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [DK015600]
- National Heart Lung and Blood Institute [HL006126]
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences [GM126752, GM120107]
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development [HD052937]
- Sao Paulo Research Foundation [JP 2015/20844-4, CEPID 2013/08028-1, PT 2015/16661-1, MS 2017/26609-2, MS 2017/14923-4, DD 2019/15212-0, DD 2019/14788-5]
The gene content and expression of sex chromosomes in Drosophila show unique patterns. The single X and pair of 4th chromosomes are specifically inactivated in primary spermatocytes, while genes on the single Y chromosome become maximally active during this stage.
Given their copy number differences and unique modes of inheritance, the evolved gene content and expression of sex chromosomes is unusual. In many organisms the X and Y chromosomes are inactivated in spermatocytes, possibly as a defense mechanism against insertions into unpaired chromatin. In addition to current sex chromosomes, Drosophila has a small gene-poor X-chromosome relic (4(th)) that re-acquired autosomal status. Here we use single cell RNA-Seq on fly larvae to demonstrate that the single X and pair of 4(th) chromosomes are specifically inactivated in primary spermatocytes, based on measuring all genes or a set of broadly expressed genes in testis we identified. In contrast, genes on the single Y chromosome become maximally active in primary spermatocytes. Reduced X transcript levels are due to failed activation of RNA-Polymerase-II by phosphorylation of Serine 2 and 5. Sex chromosome gene content and expression is unusual. Here the authors use single cell RNA-Seq on Drosophila larvae to demonstrate that the single X and pair of 4th chromosomes are specifically inactivated in primary spermatocytes, while genes on the single Y chromosome become maximally active in primary spermatocytes.
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