Winner-Loser Species Replacements in Human-Modified Landscapes

Community assembly arguably drives the provision of ecosystem services because they critically depend on which and how species coexist. We examine conspicuous cases of 'winner and loser' replacements (WLRs) in tropical forests to provide a framework integrating drivers, impacts on ecological organization, and reconfiguration of ecosystem service provisioning. Most WLRs involve native species and result from changes in resource availability rather than from altered competition among species. In this context, species dispersal is a powerful force controlling community (re)assembly. Furthermore, replacements imply a nearly complete functional reorganization of assemblages and new 'packages' of ecosystem services and disservices provided by winners. WLRs can thus elucidate the multiple transitions experienced by tropical forests, and have theoretical/ applied implications, including the role that human-modified landscapes may play in global-scale sustainability.

Automated summary

Community assembly plays a key role in driving the provision of ecosystem services, with 'winner and loser' replacements in tropical forests showing significant impacts on ecological organization. Most replacements involve native species and are driven by changes in resource availability. Species dispersal is a powerful force controlling community (re)assembly, leading to a complete functional reorganization of assemblages.