Developmental regulation of excitatory-inhibitory synaptic balance in the prefrontal cortex during adolescence

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) is a cortical structure involved in a variety of complex functions in the cognitive and affective domains. The intrinsic function of the PFC is defined by the interaction of local glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons and their modulation by long-range inputs. The ensuing interactions generate a ratio of excitation and inhibition (E-I) in each output neuron, a balance which is refined during the adolescent to adult transition. In this short review, we aim to describe how an increase in GABAergic transmission during adolescence modifies the E-I ratio in adults. We further discuss how this new setpoint may change the dynamics of PFC networks observed during the transition to adulthood.

Automated summary

The prefrontal cortex (PFC) plays critical roles in cognitive and emotional functions, with its intrinsic function defined by the interaction of local neurons and long-range inputs. An increase in GABAergic transmission during adolescence modifies the excitatory-inhibitory ratio in adults, potentially changing the dynamics of PFC networks during the transition to adulthood.