Enhanced antimicrobial, antibiofilm and anticancer activities of biocompatible neem gum coated palladium nanoparticles

The present study highlights a quick and cost effective, fabrication of biocompatible and water dispersible neem gum coated palladium nanoparticles (NG@Pd NPs) and assessment of their pharmacological applications. Palladium nanoparticles were synthesized through a biogenic route using the aqueous leaf extract of Orthosiphon stamineus. The fabricated nanocomposite was characterized by spectroscopic and microscopic analyses. The results of antimicrobial studies revealed that the NG@Pd NPs exhibited enhanced antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus and Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) strain when compared to the Pd NPs alone. Antibiofilm studies illustrated a concentration dependent inhibition of biofilm formation in MSSA strain with the IC50 value of 15.25 +/- 0.012 mu g/mL, while the Pd NPs showed lower inhibitory effect. Anticancer potential illustrated that the NG@Pd NPs showed potent antiproliferative effect against A549 cells in proportion to the concentration with 50 % inhibition at 45.6 +/- 0.25 mu g/mL. NG@Pd NPs exhibited enhanced reactive oxygen species leading to DNA fragmentation, disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential inducing apoptosis through the activation of caspase 3/9. Safety evaluation studies revealed that the NG@Pd NPs exhibited neither cytotoxicity nor hemolysis illustrating the biocompatible nature of NG@Pd NPs. Overall, the present work manifests the possibility of developing NG@Pd NPs as a suitable candidate for antimicrobial and lung cancer therapy.

Automated summary

This study fabricated biocompatible neem gum coated palladium nanoparticles and evaluated their pharmacological applications, demonstrating enhanced antimicrobial and anticancer properties of NG@Pd NPs compared to Pd NPs alone, making them promising candidates for antimicrobial and lung cancer therapy.