Domain relaxation exhibited by ferroelectric low symmetry polymorphs in BaTiO3

Intrinsic dielectric relaxations associated with the domains in dense single-phase Barium Titanate (BaTiO3), covering entire ferroelectric regime and various polymorphs, has been investigated. Existence of frequency dispersion in dielectric loss in the three phases where system exhibits low symmetry, has been recorded and analyzed. Formation and reorientation of the mesoscopic ferroelectric sub-domains/domain boundaries because of applied ac electric field, generates relaxation dynamics between consecutive phase transitions. Relaxation dynamics have been observed due to the presence of multiple domain variants associated with the low symmetry configurations such as orthorhombic, rhombohedral and tetragonal. Frequencies which effectively triggers these effects have been traced for various structural phases and activation energy has been extracted. Such intrinsic response of the system has been found to be sensitive to the processing of the ceramics and intentional incorporation of that defects by ionic substitution.

Automated summary

Intrinsic dielectric relaxations associated with domains in dense single-phase Barium Titanate have been investigated across the entire ferroelectric regime and various polymorphs. Frequency dispersion in dielectric loss has been observed and analyzed in phases exhibiting low symmetry, and relaxation dynamics between consecutive phase transitions have been attributed to the formation and reorientation of ferroelectric sub-domains/domain boundaries. The sensitivity of the system's intrinsic response to ceramic processing and intentional defects incorporation through ionic substitution has also been noted.