The off-axis multi-Gaussian Schell-model hollow vortex beams propagation in free space and turbulent ocean

A new theoretical model for off-axis multi-Gaussian Schell-model hollow vortex (MGSMHV) beam generated by multi-Gaussian Schell-model (MGSM) source is introduced. The evolution properties (average intensity and beam widths) of the off-axis MGSMHV beams propagating in free space and turbulent ocean are analyzed. It is seen that the flatness of off-axis MGSMHV beam at the longer propagation distance can be controlled by choosing the source parameters total number F and coherence length sigma. It is also seen that the larger effective beam sizes can be obtained by choosing the source parameters (larger total number F, or smaller coherence length sigma) or propagating in turbulent ocean with smaller rate of dissipation of kinetic energy per unit mass epsilon, larger dissipation of mean-squared temperature xT or ratio of temperature and salinity contributions to the refractive index spectrum zeta.

Automated summary

A new theoretical model for off-axis multi-Gaussian Schell-model hollow vortex beam is introduced in this study, and the evolution properties of the beam in different environments are analyzed. It is found that the flatness of the beam and the effective beam size can be controlled by choosing appropriate source parameters.