Higher-dimensional Euler fluids and Hasimoto transform: counterexamples and generalizations

The binormal (or vortex filament) equation provides the localized induction approximation of the 3D incompressible Euler equation. We present explicit solutions of the binormal equation in higher-dimensions that collapse in finite time. The local nature of this phenomenon suggests a possibility of the singularity appearance in nearby vortex blob solutions of the Euler equation in 5D and higher. Furthermore, the Hasimoto transform takes the binormal equation to the NLS and barotropic fluid equations. We show that in higher dimensions the existence of such a transform would imply the conservation of the Willmore energy in skew-mean-curvature flows and present counterexamples for vortex membranes based on products of spheres. These (counter)examples imply that there is no straightforward generalization to higher dimensions of the 1D Hasimoto transform. We derive its replacement, the evolution equations for the mean curvature and torsion form for membranes, thus generalizing the barotropic fluid and Da Rios equations.

Automated summary

The study shows that solutions of the binormal equation collapse in finite time in higher dimensions, which may lead to singularity appearance in the 5D and higher dimensional Euler equation. Furthermore, the existence of the Hasimoto transform in higher dimensions implies the conservation of Willmore energy, and counterexamples are presented for vortex membranes based on products of spheres.