Charge radii of exotic potassium isotopes challenge nuclear theory and the magic character of N=32

Nuclear charge radii are sensitive probes of different aspects of the nucleon-nucleon interaction and the bulk properties of nuclear matter, providing a stringent test and challenge for nuclear theory. Experimental evidence suggested a new magic neutron number at N = 32 (refs. (1-3)) in the calcium region, whereas the unexpectedly large increases in the charge radii(4,5) open new questions about the evolution of nuclear size in neutron-rich systems. By combining the collinear resonance ionization spectroscopy method with beta-decay detection, we were able to extend charge radii measurements of potassium isotopes beyond N = 32. Here we provide a charge radius measurement of K-52. It does not show a signature of magic behaviour at N = 32 in potassium. The results are interpreted with two state-of-the-art nuclear theories. The coupled cluster theory reproduces the odd-even variations in charge radii but not the notable increase beyond N = 28. This rise is well captured by Fayans nuclear density functional theory, which, however, overestimates the odd-even staggering effect in charge radii. These findings highlight our limited understanding of the nuclear size of neutron-rich systems, and expose problems that are present in some of the best current models of nuclear theory.

Automated summary

Nuclear charge radii serve as sensitive probes of the nucleon-nucleon interaction and nuclear matter properties, posing a challenge for nuclear theory. Experimental evidence suggests a new magic neutron number at N=32 in the calcium region, with unexpectedly large increases in charge radii raising questions about nuclear size evolution in neutron-rich systems. Advanced nuclear theories offer different explanations for the odd-even variations and notable increase in charge radii beyond N=28, highlighting limitations in our understanding of neutron-rich systems and issues in current nuclear theory models.