Synthesis, Properties and Applications of Silica-Coated Magnetite Nanoparticles: A Review

The progress on the synthesis and application of silica-coated magnetite nanoparticle (SMNP) was reviewed. The advantages/disadvantages of different synthesis methods, process parameters, functional groups, required properties for different applications were discussed. The scopes of further development were briefly pointed out. This review will help the researchers to select/improve proper process to achieve desired properties and work on real applications of SMNP. Silica-Coated Magnetite nanoparticles (SMNP) recently gained much attractions in biomedical, environmental, construction and nuclear applications. SMNP can overcome the limitations of bare magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNP) such as agglomeration, dissolution and leaching in aqueous and biological system. Silica coating protects the MNP core as well as provides excellent biocompatibility, chemical and thermal stability with higher adsorption capacity of heavy metals and radionuclides. SMNPs are mostly prepared by Modified Stober method as the simplest route although surface pretreatment or surface modification is needed to avoid formation of large aggregates. Microemulsion method gives excellent size and shape control but needs large quantity of surfactants and solvents. Sonochemical approach provides faster hydrolysis and can prevent agglomeration without any surface pretreatment. Optimal silica coating thickness can provide uniform particles distribution, enough superparamagnetic properties for easy magnetic separation, chemical and thermal stability. Keeping in mind the wide interest in SMNP, this review is designed to report the important information on synthesis, properties and potential applications of SMNP.

Automated summary

The review discussed the synthesis and application of silica-coated magnetite nanoparticles, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of different synthesis methods and the required properties for various applications. It emphasized the importance of proper process selection for desired properties and the potential of SMNP in biomedical, environmental, construction, and nuclear fields.