期刊
MOLECULES
卷 26, 期 4, 页码 -出版社
MDPI
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041070
关键词
lipid peroxidation; free radicals; inflammation; contraceptive pill; thromboembolism; hormonal contraception; estrogen; progestin; third generation pill; alimentary habits
资金
- University of Udine
This study found that oral contraceptive users had significantly elevated oxidative stress and increased levels of serum hsCRP, indicating signs of low-grade chronic inflammation. Additionally, there was a strong positive correlation between oxidative stress and hsCRP, which is significant in assessing the risk for future cardiovascular diseases.
Information concerning the mechanisms underlying oxidative stress and low-grade inflammation in young healthy women predisposing eventually to future diseases is scarce. We investigated the relationship of oxidative stress and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) in fertile-age women by oral combined contraceptive (OC) use. Caucasian Italian healthy non-obese women (n = 290; 100 OC-users; 190 non-OC-users; mean age 23.2 +/- 4.7 years) were analyzed. Blood hydroperoxides, as oxidative stress biomarkers, were assessed by Free Oxygen Radical Test (FORT). Serum hsCRP was determined by an ultra-sensitive method (hsCRP). Markedly elevated oxidative stress (>= 400 FORT Units) was found in 77.0% of OC-users and 1.6% of non-OC-users, odds ratio (OR) = 209, 95% CI = 60.9-715.4, p < 0.001. Elevated hsCRP levels >= 2.0 mg/L, considered risky for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), were found in 41.0% of OC-users and 9.5% of non-OC-users, OR = 6.6, 95%CI 3.5-12.4, p < 0.001. Hydroperoxides were strongly positively correlated to hsCRP in all women (r(s) = 0.622, p < 0.001), in OC-users (r(s) = 0.442, p < 0.001), and in non-OC-users (r(s) = 0.426, p < 0.001). Women with hydroperoxides >= 400 FORT Units were eight times as likely to have hsCRP >= 2 mg/L. In non-OC-users only, hydroperoxides values were positively correlated with weight and body mass index, but negatively correlated with red meat, fish and chocolate consumption. Our research is the first finding a strong positive correlation of serum hydroperoxides with hsCRP, a marker of low-grade chronic inflammation, in young healthy women. Further research is needed to elucidate the potential role of these two biomarkers in OC-use associated side-effects, like thromboembolism and other CVDs.
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