期刊
MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION
卷 160, 期 -, 页码 -出版社
ACADEMIC PRESS INC ELSEVIER SCIENCE
DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107134
关键词
Ancestral state reconstruction; Geographic range; Morphic speciation; Sexual conflict; StarBEAST2; Trans-species polymorphism
资金
- Swedish Research Council (VR) [2016-03356]
- Carl Tryggers Foundation (CTS)
- Gyllenstiernska Krapperupstiftelsen [KR2018-0038]
- Lunds Djurskyddsfond
- Royal Physiographic Society in Lund
- Stiftelsen Olle Enqvist Byggmastare
- Stina Werners Foundation
- Royal Physiographic Society of Lund
- Jorgen Lindstroms Fund
- Swedish Research Council [2016-03356] Funding Source: Swedish Research Council
This study presents the first time-calibrated phylogeny of the Ischnura genus, revealing insights into the origin, evolutionary history, and evolution of female color polymorphism. The research found a significant positive relationship between female polymorphism incidence and current geographic range size.
Colour polymorphisms are popular study systems among biologists interested in evolutionary dynamics, genomics, sexual selection and sexual conflict. In many damselfly groups, such as in the globally distributed genus Ischnura (forktails), sex-limited female colour polymorphisms occur in multiple species. Female-polymorphic species contain two or three female morphs, one of which phenotypically matches the male (androchrome or male mimic) and the other(s) which are phenotypically distinct from the male (heterochrome). These female colour polymorphisms are thought to be maintained by frequency-dependent sexual conflict, but their macroevolutionary histories are unknown, due to the lack of a robust molecular phylogeny. Here, we present the first time-calibrated phylogeny of Ischnura, using a multispecies coalescent approach (StarBEAST2) and incorporating both molecular and fossil data for 41 extant species (55% of the genus). We estimate the age of Ischnura to be between 13.8 and 23.4 millions of years, i.e. Miocene. We infer the ancestral state of this genus as female monomorphism with heterochrome females, with multiple gains and losses of female polymorphisms, evidence of trans-species female polymorphisms and a significant positive relationship between female polymorphism incidence and current geographic range size. Our study provides a robust phylogenetic framework for future research on the dynamic macroevolutionary history of this clade with its extraordinary diversity of sex-limited female polymorphisms.
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