Sestrin 2 protects against LPS-induced acute lung injury by inducing mitophagy in alveolar macrophages

Aims: Acute lung injury (ALI) / acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a critical clinical syndrome with complex pathology and pathogenesis. Since there is no specific treatment for ALI, it is important to study the mechanism of how ALI develop. Sestrin2 (Sesn2) plays a critical role in the regulation of cellular stress response and oxidant defense. However, the potential function of Sesn2 in ALI/ARDS and the associated mechanism remains unclear. Main methods: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced ALI model was performed in the wild-type and Sesn2 knockout (Sesn2-/-) mice. The nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, cell pyroptosis and mitophagy were detected by western blots, immunofluorescent staining, flow cytometry. Lung injury were measured by histopathology and electron microscopy. Key findings: Knockout of Sesn2 enhanced LPS-induced ALI. As detailed in Sesn2(-/-) mice, NLRP3 inflammasome and cell pyroptosis were increased in lungs; IL-1 beta and IL-18 in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were further promoted; In the isolated alveolar macrophages from Sesn2-/- mice, mitophagy induced by LPS was markedly inhibited, while reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial damage and cell pyroptosis were enhanced. Knocking down or overexpressing Sensn2 in J774.A1 cells demonstrated Sesn2 promoted Sequestosomel (SQSTM1) expression and mitophagy by PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (Pink1)/Parkin pathway. Significance: Sesn2 protected ALI by promoting mitophagy that exerts protection of AMs pyroptosis and negative regulation of NLRP3 inflammasomes. These data indicated Sesn2 might be a potential target for ALI treatment.

Automated summary

The study revealed that Sesn2 plays a critical role in protecting against ALI by promoting mitophagy, which protects against AMs pyroptosis and negatively regulates NLRP3 inflammasomes. These findings suggest that Sesn2 may be a potential target for ALI treatment.