期刊
ENERGY POLICY
卷 89, 期 -, 页码 84-94出版社
ELSEVIER SCI LTD
DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2015.11.017
关键词
Solar PV; Socket parity; Grid parity; Net metering; Residential solar
资金
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy
- U.S. Department of Education
- Department of Energy [DE-OE0000300, DE-OE0000204]
- center for Climate and Energy Decision Making [SES- 0949710]
- Carnegie Mellon Electricity Industry Center (CEIC)
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie
- Divn Of Social and Economic Sciences [0949710] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
- Divn Of Social and Economic Sciences
- Direct For Social, Behav & Economic Scie [1463492] Funding Source: National Science Foundation
Installations of rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) technology in the United States have increased dramatically in recent years, in large part because of state and federal subsidies. In the future, such subsidies may be reduced or eliminated. From the homeowner's perspective, solar PV is competitive when it can produce electricity at a cost equivalent to the retail electricity rate, a condition sometimes referred to as socket parity. In assessing the economic viability of residential solar PV, most existing literature considers only a few locations and fails to consider the differences in PV system cost and electricity prices that exist across the U.S. We combined insolation data from more than 1000 locations, installation costs by region, and county-level utility rates to provide a more complete economic assessment of rooftop solar PV across the U.S. We calculated the break-even electricity prices and evaluated the reductions in installed costs needed to reach socket parity. Among the scenarios considered, we estimate that only Hawaii has achieved socket parity without the use of subsidies. With subsidies, six states reach socket parity, yet widespread parity is still not achieved. We find that high installation costs and financing rates are two of the largest barriers to socket parity. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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