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Medication utilization in children born preterm in the first two years of life

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JOURNAL OF PERINATOLOGY
卷 41, 期 7, 页码 1732-1738

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DOI: 10.1038/s41372-021-00930-0

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  1. NHLBI [U01HL121518, T15LM007092]

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This study compared medication dispensing in children born preterm and full-term during the first two years of life. It found that preterm children had a higher number and cost of prescriptions, with differences peaking at 4-9 months and resolving by 19 months after discharge. The utilization of palivizumab, anti-reflux, and respiratory medications drove prescription medication usage among preterm children under 2 years.
Objective To compare medications dispensed during the first 2 years in children born preterm and full-term. Study design Retrospective analysis of claims data from a commercial national managed care plan 2008-2019. 329,855 beneficiaries were enrolled from birth through 2 years, of which 25,408 (7.7%) were preterm (<37 weeks). Filled prescription claims and paid amount over 2 years were identified. Results In preterm children, the number of filled prescriptions was 1.4 times and cost was 3.8 times that of full-term children. Number and cost of medications were inversely related to gestational age. Differences peak at 4-9 months and resolve by 19 months after discharge. Palivizumab, ranitidine, albuterol, lansoprazole, budesonide, and prednisolone had the greatest differences in utilization. Conclusion Prescription medication utilization among preterm children under 2 years is driven by palivizumab, anti-reflux, and respiratory medications, despite little evidence regarding efficacy for many medications and concern for harm with certain classes.

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