期刊
JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE
卷 41, 期 11, 页码 2360-2372出版社
SOC NEUROSCIENCE
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3216-18.2021
关键词
glutamate; insulin receptor; motivation; nucleus accumbens; opioid; striatal plasticity
资金
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases [FDK112627A, 3R01DK106188-02-S1, R01DK106188, R01DK115526]
- Brain and Behavior Research Foundation [N018940]
- National Institute on Drug Abuse [T32DA007268]
- NIDDK [3R01DK106188-02-S1]
- NIH [1F99NS108549-01]
- P30 Grants [DK020572, DK089503]
Human fMRI studies indicate that insulin influences brain activity in regions related to reward and motivation, such as the nucleus accumbens. Insulin has concentration-dependent bidirectional effects on excitatory transmission in the NAc, with insulin receptor activation increasing transmission and IGF receptor activation decreasing transmission. Obesity leads to a loss of insulin receptor-mediated increase in excitatory transmission in the NAc, while preserving reductions in transmission mediated by IGF receptors.
Human fMRI studies show that insulin influences brain activity in regions that mediate reward and motivation, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc). Insulin receptors are expressed by NAc medium spiny neurons (MSNs), and studies of cultured cortical and hippocampal neurons suggest that insulin influences excitatory transmission via presynaptic and postsynaptic mechanisms. However, nothing is known about how insulin influences excitatory transmission in the NAc. Furthermore, insulin dysregulation accompanying obesity is linked to cognitive decline, depression, anxiety, and altered motivation that rely on NAc excitatory transmission. Using whole-cell patch-clamp and biochemical approaches, we determined how insulin affects NAc glutamatergic transmission in nonobese and obese male rats and the underlying mechanisms. We find that there are concentration-dependent, bidirectional effects of insulin on excitatory transmission, with insulin receptor activation increasing and IGF receptor activation decreasing NAc excitatory transmission. Increases in excitatory transmission were mediated by activation of postsynaptic insulin receptors located on MSNs. However, this effect was due to an increase in presynaptic glutamate release. This suggested feedback from MSNs to presynaptic terminals. In additional experiments, we found that insulin-induced increases in presynaptic glutamate release are mediated by opioid receptor-dependent disinhibition. Furthermore, obesity resulted in a loss of insulin receptor-mediated increases in excitatory transmission and a reduction in NAc insulin receptor surface expression, while preserving reductions in transmission mediated by IGF receptors. These results provide the first insights into how insulin influences excitatory transmission in the adult brain, and evidence for a previously unidentified form of opioid receptor-dependent disinhibition of NAc glutamatergic transmission.
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