期刊
JOURNAL OF HEREDITY
卷 112, 期 2, 页码 221-227出版社
OXFORD UNIV PRESS INC
DOI: 10.1093/jhered/esab005
关键词
Crotalus; genomics; population genetics; sex chromosomes; speciation; ZW
资金
- National Science Foundation [DBI-1906188, DEB1655571, DEB-1501886]
Male-biased mutation rates are found in a variety of organisms, especially those with ZW sex determination. A study on rattlesnakes found that male rattlesnakes have a 2.03-fold higher mutation rate compared to females, similar to findings in birds, suggesting that male-biased mutation rates may be a common feature in vertebrate lineages with ZW sex determination.
Male-biased mutation rates occur in a diverse array of organisms. The ratio of male-to-female mutation rate may have major ramifications for evolution across the genome, and for sex-linked genes in particular. In ZW species, the Z chromosome is carried by males two-thirds of the time, leading to the prediction that male-biased mutation rates will have a disproportionate effect on the evolution of Z-linked genes relative to autosomes and the W chromosome. Colubroid snakes (including colubrids, elapids, and viperids) have ZW sex determination, yet male-biased mutation rates have not been well studied in this group. Here we analyze a population genomic dataset from rattlesnakes to quantify genetic variation within and genetic divergence between species. We use a new method for unbiased estimation of population genetic summary statistics to compare variation between the Z chromosome and autosomes and to calculate net nucleotide differentiation between species. We find evidence for a 2.03-fold greater mutation rate in male rattlesnakes relative to females, corresponding to an average mu(Z)/mu(A) ratio of 1.1. Our results from snakes are quantitatively similar to birds, suggesting that male-biased mutation rates may be a common feature across vertebrate lineages with ZW sex determination.
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