Unsteady motion past a sphere translating steadily in wormlike micellar solutions: a numerical analysis

This study numerically investigates the flow characteristics past a solid and smooth sphere translating steadily along the axis of a cylindrical tube filled with wormlike micellar solutions in the creeping flow regime. The two-species Vasquez-Cook-McKinley and single-species Giesekus constitutive models are used to characterize the rheological behaviour of the micellar solutions. Once the Weissenberg number exceeds a critical value, an unsteady motion downstream of the sphere is observed in the case of the two-species model. We provide evidence that this unsteady motion downstream of the sphere is caused by the sudden rupture of long and stretched micelles in this region, resulting from an increase in the extensional flow strength. The corresponding single-species Giesekus model for the wormlike micellar solution, with no breakage and reformation, predicts a steady flow field under otherwise identical conditions. Therefore, it further provides evidence presented herein for the onset of this unsteady motion. Furthermore, we find that the onset of this unsteady motion downstream of the sphere is delayed as the ratio of sphere to tube diameter decreases. A similar kind of unsteady motion has also been observed in several earlier experiments for the problem of a sphere sedimenting in a tube filled with wormlike micellar solutions. We find a remarkable qualitative similarity in the flow characteristics between the present numerical results for a steadily translating sphere and prior experimental results for a falling sphere.

Automated summary

This study investigates the flow characteristics of a solid and smooth sphere moving steadily along the axis of a cylindrical tube filled with wormlike micellar solutions. Two different constitutive models are used to analyze the rheological behavior, showing that unsteady motion downstream of the sphere occurs when the Weissenberg number exceeds a critical value in the two-species model. However, the single-species Giesekus model predicts a steady flow field. The onset of unsteady motion is delayed as the ratio of sphere to tube diameter decreases, showing qualitative similarity with prior experimental results.