Bubble wall velocity: heavy physics effects

We analyse the dynamics of the relativistic bubble expansion during the first order phase transition focusing on the ultra relativistic velocities gamma >> 1. We show that fields much heavier than the scale of the phase transition can significantly contribute to the friction and modify the motion of the bubble wall leading to interesting phenomenological consequences. NLO effects on the friction due to the soft vector field emission are reviewed as well.

Automated summary

This study examines the dynamics of relativistic bubble expansion during a first order phase transition, focusing on ultra relativistic velocities gamma >> 1. It demonstrates that fields heavier than the phase transition scale can have a significant impact on friction and alter the motion of the bubble wall, leading to interesting phenomenological outcomes. Additionally, the effects of NLO on friction caused by soft vector field emission are also reviewed.